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Retrospective Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii
Nandhini Ravella Venkatasubramanyam1, Subbalakshmi Easwaran1, Neelusree Prabhakaran1
1Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND.
Introduction:
The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a critical challenge to public health, particularly in managing infections caused by non-fermenting bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aimed to determine the prevalent multi-drug resistance among non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care center.
Material And Methods:
A retrospective analysis was undertaken using one year of data from 2022 to 2023 to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. The study assessed antibiotic resistance patterns, including piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem), ciprofloxacin, and colistin.
Results:
The analysis revealed resistance of P. aeruginosa to various antibiotics shows that piperacillin/tazobactam exhibited the highest resistance rate at 32% (181/565), while colistin exhibits the lowest at 5.6% (32/565). For A. baumannii, the resistance varies significantly among antibiotics, with piperacillin/tazobactam and ciprofloxacin showing the highest resistance rates at 56.8% (128/225) and 68% (153/225), respectively. In contrast, colistin is highly effective, with only 0.8% (2/225) resistance, and amikacin also demonstrates low resistance at 9.7% (22/225).
Conclusion:
The growing trend of multi-drug and extensive drug resistance among non-fermenters such as P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii necessitates urgent action. Establishing strict antibiotic policies, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns, and investment in antimicrobial research are imperative to combat the limited treatment options and manage these pathogens effectively.
Insights
Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii is a major concern. High resistance rates to common antibiotics were observed, highlighting the urgent need for new strategies to combat multi-drug resistant infections.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health challenge.
- Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, are significant causes of hospital-acquired infections.
- Managing infections caused by these multi-drug resistant pathogens is increasingly difficult.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria.
- To analyze antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
- To identify resistance patterns to key antibiotics in a tertiary care setting.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of one year of clinical data (2022-2023).
- Evaluation of AMR profiles for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Assessment of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenems, ciprofloxacin, and colistin.
Main Results:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam (32%) and low resistance to colistin (5.6%).
- Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited high resistance to ciprofloxacin (68%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (56.8%).
- Colistin (0.8% resistance) and amikacin (9.7% resistance) were highly effective against Acinetobacter baumannii.
Conclusions:
- Multi-drug and extensive drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii is a growing concern.
- Urgent implementation of strict antibiotic policies and continuous resistance monitoring is crucial.
- Investment in antimicrobial research is vital to address limited treatment options for these challenging pathogens.
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