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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Understanding Embolus Transport And Source To Destination Mapping Of Thromboemboli In Hemodynamics Driven By Left

Sreeparna Majee, Akshita Sahni, Jay D Pal

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    A new computational model simulates how blood clots (thromboemboli) travel in Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs). This helps understand stroke risks and develop better strategies for heart failure patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Computational Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) are crucial for advanced heart failure but pose a risk of thromboembolic complications, including ischemic stroke.
    • Despite design and anticoagulation improvements, stroke remains a significant concern for LVAD patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a quantitative in silico framework for characterizing thromboembolus transport and distribution in LVAD hemodynamics.
    • To provide insights into embolus dynamics that are not obtainable from standard clinical data or imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic numerical experiments were conducted using a validated in silico model.
    • Investigated transport patterns based on LVAD outflow graft anastomosis, pulse modulation, embolus size, and origin.
    • Correlated embolus distribution with hemodynamic patterns like helicity, vorticity, and wall shear stress.

    Main Results:

    • Quantified source-to-destination transport patterns of thromboemboli under various LVAD operating conditions and embolus characteristics.
    • Demonstrated how embolus distribution deviates from purely hemodynamic patterns.
    • Established insights into size-dependent embolus-hemodynamics interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed in silico framework offers deep insights into embolus dynamics within LVADs.
    • This approach can aid in developing strategies to minimize stroke risk in LVAD patients.
    • Understanding embolus transport is critical for improving LVAD therapy safety.