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Viscous Vengeance: A Case Report of Hyperviscosity Syndrome in IgA Lambda Multiple Myeloma
Afoma Onyechi1, Jessica Ohemeng-Dapaah1, Ayesha Kang1
1Department of Internal Medicine, SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
Abstract:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relatively uncommon neoplastic proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Common manifestations are related to infiltration of plasma cells into bones and other organs, causing an increased total serum protein concentration, hypercalcemia, kidney injury, and anemia. The most common type of MM is IgG Kappa, and the second most common type is the IgA subtype. Hyperviscosity (HVS) is a rare presentation of MM and management includes prompt plasmapheresis, resulting in significant reduction of serum viscosity and symptomatic relief. We present a case of IgA Lambda MM presenting with HVS.
Insights
Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell cancer, can rarely cause hyperviscosity. This case highlights IgA Lambda multiple myeloma presenting with hyperviscosity, successfully managed with plasmapheresis.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Neoplastic Plasma Cell Disorders
Background:
- Multiple myeloma (MM) involves abnormal plasma cell proliferation.
- Common MM symptoms include bone infiltration, hypercalcemia, kidney injury, and anemia.
- IgG Kappa and IgA are the most frequent MM subtypes.
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