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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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Case Report: A Typical Lyme Disease With Uncommon Neurologic Presentation.

Guo Cheng1, Neeraj Parkash1, Amrita Daniel1

  • 1Greater Baltimore Medical Center, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Lyme disease, a common infection, can cause facial palsy. This article details a rare case of bilateral facial palsy due to Borrelia burgdorferi infection, reviewing similar cases.

Keywords:
Bilateral facial palsyBorrelia burgdorferiDoxycyclineErythema migransLyme disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Lyme disease is a prevalent tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • Facial nerve palsy (seventh cranial nerve palsy) is a known neurological complication of Lyme disease.
  • Most cases of Lyme-related facial palsy are unilateral.

Observation:

  • This report describes a rare case of bilateral facial palsy in a patient with Lyme disease.
  • The patient's condition was confirmed to be caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
  • A review and comparison of eleven previously reported cases of Lyme disease with bilateral facial palsy were conducted.

Findings:

  • Bilateral facial palsy is an uncommon but possible manifestation of Lyme disease.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for patients with Lyme disease and facial nerve palsy.
  • Comparing this case with existing literature provides insights into the presentation and outcomes of this rare condition.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering Lyme disease in the differential diagnosis of bilateral facial palsy, even in endemic areas.
  • Emphasizes the need for prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent long-term neurological sequelae.
  • Contributes to the understanding of the spectrum of neurological manifestations of Lyme disease.