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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Infectious Coryza in Pennsylvania.

Sherrill Davison1, Linnea Tracy2, Donna J Kelly3

  • 1Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Animal Laboratory System, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiolo Kennett S uare PA 19348, sdavison@vet.upenn.edu.

Avian Diseases
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Infectious coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, re-emerged in Pennsylvania affecting millions of chickens. Vaccination proved effective in controlling this significant poultry disease outbreak.

Keywords:
Avibacterium paragallinarumPennsylvaniabroilersinfectious coryzalayer breederlayerspulletsreal-time PCRwhole-genome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Poultry Health
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Infectious coryza (IC) is a significant respiratory disease in chickens caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum.
  • Historically rare in Pennsylvania, IC outbreaks have recently impacted commercial poultry operations statewide.
  • The disease classically presents with respiratory signs, reduced production, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological aspects of a recent infectious coryza outbreak in Pennsylvania.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination as a control strategy for IC in commercial poultry.

Main Methods:

  • Case series report analyzing data from 68 affected farms between December 2018 and December 2019.
  • Diagnostic efforts included traditional bacterial culture and PCR testing.
  • Pathological examination of various tissues from affected birds.

Main Results:

  • The outbreak involved approximately 14 million birds, predominantly layer chickens, but also broilers and breeders.
  • Clinical signs, mortality rates, and diagnostic findings varied significantly between flocks.
  • PCR testing and bacterial culture from diverse sites (trachea, air sacs, etc.) aided diagnosis when sinus/choanal cultures were negative.

Conclusions:

  • The recent IC outbreak in Pennsylvania highlights the need for vigilant disease monitoring and control.
  • Implementation of a successful vaccination program significantly reduced disease incidence.
  • Vaccination is a crucial control measure for managing infectious coryza in commercial poultry populations.