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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Autocatalytic DNA circuitries.

Qiong Wu1, Wei Xu2, Jinhua Shang3

  • 1School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.

Chemical Society Reviews
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Autocatalytic DNA circuits enable self-replication and catalysis, crucial for life's origins and modern bioengineering. These circuits advance ultrasensitive biosensing and DNA nanostructures for applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Autocatalysis, a process where products catalyze their own formation, is fundamental to biological systems like genome replication and metabolic networks.
  • DNA molecules offer programmable and controllable platforms for engineering sophisticated autocatalytic circuits.
  • Previous research has established DNA's potential in creating self-sustaining reaction systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in engineering autocatalytic DNA circuits.
  • To explore the fundamental principles, construction methods, and practical applications of these circuits.
  • To discuss current challenges and future directions in the field of autocatalytic DNA circuitry.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of DNAzyme biocatalysis, enzymatic catalysis, and dynamic hybridization assembly as core construction principles.
  • Survey of techniques for engineering autocatalytic DNA circuits for various applications.
  • Analysis of amplicons generated by these circuits for use in DNA nanostructures.

Main Results:

  • Autocatalytic DNA circuits enable ultrasensitive detection of biological molecules including DNA, RNA, viruses, and proteins.
  • Circuit amplicons serve as building blocks for advanced DNA nanostructures, enabling functions like intracellular bioimaging and algorithmic assembly.
  • Demonstration of diverse applications in bioanalysis, biomedicine, and biomimetics.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered autocatalytic DNA circuits represent a powerful tool for sensitive molecular detection and the construction of functional DNA nanostructures.
  • These circuits have significant potential in bioanalysis, diagnostics, and the development of biomimetic systems.
  • Continued research is essential to overcome current challenges and fully realize the future potential of autocatalytic DNA circuits.