Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

329
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
329
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

394
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
394
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

201
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
201
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

224
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
224
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

2.7K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
2.7K
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

343
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
343

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pulmonary artery catheters or central venous catheters for cardiac surgery: the PUMA Pilot randomised clinical trial.

Anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Associations Between Pulmonary Artery Catheter Use and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery: An Entropy-Balanced Cohort Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Prognostic Factors and Predictive Models for Rates of Mortality and Morbidity Following Percutaneous Cholecystostomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study at Counties Manukau Between 2022 and 2024.

ANZ journal of surgery·2026
Same author

25, 50 and 75 Years Ago.

ANZ journal of surgery·2026
Same author

25, 50 and 75 Years Ago.

ANZ journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Machine learning time-to-event algorithms for predicting the duration of ventilation after cardiac surgery.

JTCVS open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus
06:55

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

Published on: February 27, 2018

8.6K

Systemic Effects and Absorption of Subepithelial Dexamethasone Vocal Fold Injections.

Mostafa Alwan1, Debra J Phyland1,2, Julian A Smith2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Laryngoscope
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subepithelial vocal fold steroid injections (VFSI) cause temporary systemic effects, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, which resolves within 3 days. Vocal fold augmentation (VFA) showed no significant systemic changes.

Keywords:
airwayinjectionin‐officelaryngealsteroid

More Related Videos

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles
05:50

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles

Published on: June 13, 2017

8.4K
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

32.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus
06:55

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

Published on: February 27, 2018

8.6K
Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles
05:50

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles

Published on: June 13, 2017

8.4K
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

32.0K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Office-based procedures for voice disorders are increasing.
  • Understanding systemic effects of vocal fold interventions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare systemic changes after vocal fold steroid injections (VFSI) and vocal fold augmentation (VFA).
  • To assess the magnitude and duration of these systemic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective comparative study involving 14 patients for VFSI and 36 for VFA.
  • Measured serum cortisol, white cell count (WCC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) pre-procedure and at days 1 and 7.
  • Monitored salivary cortisol daily for 7 days post-procedure.

Main Results:

  • VFSI with dexamethasone significantly reduced serum and salivary cortisol levels 1 day post-procedure, with recovery by day 7.
  • White cell counts were transiently affected by VFSI but normalized by day 7.
  • VFA procedures showed no significant changes in cortisol or WCC.
  • No significant changes in CRP or physiological parameters were observed for either procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Dexamethasone is systemically absorbed following VFSI.
  • Acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression occurs after VFSI.
  • HPA axis function normalizes by day 3 post-procedure.