Protein Nanoparticles for Targeted SARS-CoV-2 Trapping and Neutralization

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology
• Virology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates novel strategies beyond vaccination to combat SARS-CoV-2.
• Existing antiviral approaches face challenges in efficacy and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To engineer novel protein-only nanoparticles (LCB1-NPs and LCB3-NPs) for targeting and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2.
• To evaluate the potential of these nanoparticles as antiviral agents and for SARS-CoV-2 adsorption.

Main Methods:

• Protein nanoparticles (LCB1-NPs, LCB3-NPs) were engineered via coiled coil-driven self-assembly.
• Nanoparticle interaction with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) was assessed.
• Neutralization assays using SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles and ACE2-coated cells were performed.
• SARS-CoV-2 adsorption capacity of packed nanostructures was evaluated.

Main Results:

• LCB1-NPs and LCB3-NPs demonstrated high-affinity binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
• These nanoparticles effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle entry into human cells.
• The protein nanoparticles exhibited cost-effectiveness, scalability, and straightforward production.
• Packed nanostructures showed potential as potent SARS-CoV-2 trapping devices.

Conclusions:

• Engineered protein nanoparticles offer a promising new class of antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
• The developed nanostructures are suitable for creating economical and effective SARS-CoV-2 adsorption materials.
• This work highlights the potential of self-assembling protein nanoparticles in combating viral threats.