Identification of Biomarkers and Mechanisms Associated with Apoptosis in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

In this study, we employed bioinformatics techniques to identify genes associated with apoptosis in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We retrieved the RPL expression profile datasets GSE165004 and GSE73025 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We also obtained data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway of Apoptosis (hsa04210) to identify apoptosis-related genes. In addition, we performed Friends analysis to explore the interactions between differential apoptosis genes and other genes in the functional pathway. We identified six differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis, including CTSZ, BCL2, PIK3CD, KRAS, GADD45G, and CASP8, with GADD45G as the most gene. Functional fertility analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes primarily regulated protein stability, cell number homeostasis, myeloid cell homeostasis, hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation, lytic vacuole and lysosome functions, vacuolar and lysosomal membranes, transmembrane transporter binding, protein domain-specific binding, G-protein beta-subunit binding, phospholipid binding, and were involved in pathways such as Rap1 signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and NOD-like receptor signaling. KRAS exhibited the highest mutation rate in RPL-related cancer CESC. There was also a positive correlation between differentially expressed genes and B cell memory, CD4 memory resting T cells, follicular helper T cells, naïve B cells, and resting dendritic cells. We identified six differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis in RPL, with GADD45G as the most important. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and regulation of actin cytoskeleton could be therapeutic targets for RPL.