Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

342
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
342
Constraints and Statical Determinacy01:26

Constraints and Statical Determinacy

581
In structural engineering, the equilibrium of a system is not only determined by its equations of equilibrium but also with the help of constraints. Constraints refer to restrictions on the motion of a system. The proper combinations of constraints can minimize the total number of constraints needed to maintain a system in mechanical equilibrium. When this happens, the system is said to be statically determinate. For such systems, the unknown reaction supports can be estimated using equilibrium...
581
Null and Alternative Hypotheses01:16

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

8.0K
The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As  a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
8.0K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

145
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
145
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

34
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
34

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Processing of Norwegian complex verbs: Evidence for early decomposition.

Memory & cognition·2018
Same author

Prominence-sensitive pronoun resolution: New evidence from the speed-accuracy tradeoff procedure.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.0K

Grammar and Expectation in Active Dependency Resolution: Experimental and Modeling Evidence From Norwegian.

Anastasia Kobzeva1, Dave Kush2,3

  • 1Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

Cognitive Science
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Comprehenders fill gaps in sentences actively, even in embedded questions in Norwegian, supporting grammar-based theories over processing limitations. Neural language models predict gap location but not magnitude, suggesting complex cognitive mechanisms.

Keywords:
Active gap‐fillingFilled‐gap effectsIsland constraintsNeural language modelsNorwegianSurprisal

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.3K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.0K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.3K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Filler-gap dependency resolution is typically viewed as an active cognitive process.
  • The suspension of this process within island domains (e.g., embedded questions) is debated between processing-based and grammar-based accounts.
  • Understanding the role of probabilistic ambiguity in filler-gap resolution is crucial for cognitive models of language comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying filler-gap dependency resolution during incremental language processing.
  • To test whether active gap-filling is blocked due to processing limitations or grammatical constraints (islands).
  • To determine if probabilistic ambiguity, as modeled by neural language models, can predict human behavior in filler-gap resolution.

Main Methods:

  • A self-paced reading study was conducted using Norwegian to examine filled-gap effects within embedded questions.
  • Behavioral data on reading times were collected to identify processing patterns.
  • Word-by-word surprisal values from a neural language model (LSTM) were used to model expectations.

Main Results:

  • Norwegian participants showed filled-gap effects within embedded questions, which are not grammatical islands in the language.
  • This finding supports grammar-based accounts over processing-based accounts for the suspension of active gap-filling.
  • Neural language model surprisal accurately predicted the location but not the magnitude of filled-gap effects.

Conclusions:

  • Grammatical structure, rather than general processing limitations, appears to govern the suspension of active filler-gap resolution in embedded questions.
  • Probabilistic ambiguity alone may not fully account for the magnitude of human gap-filling behavior.
  • Further research is needed to refine computational models of human incremental expectations in language processing.