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Vestibular and Balance Considerations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Tutorial on Pertinent Areas and Issues.
Zakaria Enayati1, Anthony T Cacace1
1Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
American Journal of Audiology
|October 14, 2024
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) negatively impacts balance and vestibular functions, with effects worsening with higher blood glucose and longer disease duration. Managing blood glucose is key to mitigating these health issues.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Endocrinology
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with widespread systemic effects.
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the predominant form of DM, affecting a significant portion of the global population.
- Vestibular and balance systems are crucial for spatial orientation and motor control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the impact of diabetes mellitus on human vestibular and balance system functions.
- To specifically focus on the effects of Type 2 diabetes, given its prevalence.
- To review current evidence regarding DM-induced dysfunction in these systems.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological, anatomical, physiological, and neuroimaging findings.
- Analysis of clinical studies investigating T2D and vestibular/balance disorders.
- Consideration of preventative measures and therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- T2D demonstrably damages vestibular and balance systems, correlating with blood glucose levels and disease duration.
- Increased incidence and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) observed in T2D patients, especially with comorbidities.
- T2D impairs vestibular compensation, a deficit exacerbated by prolonged disease duration.
Conclusions:
- DM significantly affects cochlear, vestibular, and balance functions.
- Blood glucose control through lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy can mitigate DM-related dysfunction.
- Galvanic vestibular stimulation shows potential for glycemic control and rehabilitation in T2D.
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