Efficacy and safety of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: a systematic review

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an innovative radiation therapy with significant potential in cancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and applicability of BNCT across various cancer types.

Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP from inception until May 27, 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to assess correlations between histological factors, treatment outcomes, and adverse effects.

The initial search identified 925 studies (498 from Scopus, 333 from PubMed, 16 from ClinicalTrials.gov, 41 from ICTRP, and 30 from Cochrane CENTRAL). After removing duplicates and applying selection criteria, 121 full-text articles were assessed, with 39 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. An additional study published in 2024 was included during the peer review process, bringing the total to 40 studies. The analysis revealed that BNCT demonstrates promising efficacy across various cancers, with a manageable safety profile. However, outcome variability and adverse effects were noted among the studies.

BNCT shows substantial promise as a treatment modality for multiple cancer types, offering potential benefits with acceptable safety profiles. Nonetheless, further research is essential to refine its clinical application and ensure consistent safety and efficacy.