Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

53
Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
53
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

47
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
47
Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

55
Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
55
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.3K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

388
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
388

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

I see sick people: Beliefs about sensory detection of infectious disease are largely consistent across cultures.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2025
Same author

Gender differences in the pathway of childhood trauma, impulsivity and adult eating behaviour: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of child and adolescent mental health·2024
Same author

How are overweight and obesity associated with reinforcement learning deficits? A systematic review.

Appetite·2023
Same author

Switching to online: Testing the validity of supervised remote testing for online reinforcement learning experiments.

Behavior research methods·2022
Same author

Conscious and pre-conscious attentional bias to food images in patients subjected to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Appetite·2022
Same author

Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.6K

Disentangling negative reinforcement, working memory, and deductive reasoning deficits in elevated BMI.

Gibson Weydmann1, Igor Palmieri2, Reinaldo A G Simões2

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with overweight or obesity exhibit impaired negative reinforcement and model-based learning, showing a tendency to repeat behaviors despite negative feedback. This cognitive deficit is linked to obesity, not working memory issues.

Keywords:
Computational ModellingOverweightReinforcement LearningWorking Memory

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.4K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.6K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.4K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Neuropsychological studies indicate overweight/obese individuals may perseverate behavior despite negative feedback.
  • Potential contributing factors include working memory (WM) deficits or impaired model-based learning strategies.
  • Reinforcement learning (RL) models offer a framework to investigate these cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive performance in a Reinforcement Learning (RL) task between individuals with overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob) and normal-weight controls.
  • To investigate potential deficits in negative reinforcement and model-based learning.
  • To differentiate the roles of working memory (WM) and model-based learning in RL performance in Ow/Ob individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A modified RL task was administered to Ow/Ob (n=30) and normal-weight (n=42) participants.
  • Cognitive load was manipulated to control for working memory (WM) effects.
  • Computational modeling analyzed RL parameters, WM use, and the deduction parameter for model-based learning.

Main Results:

  • Ow/Ob subjects demonstrated a higher frequency of perseverative errors, indicating impaired negative reinforcement.
  • A weaker deduction mechanism was observed in Ow/Ob individuals, suggesting deficits in model-based learning.
  • Working memory (WM) impairments were not found to be the primary cause of RL deficits in the Ow/Ob group.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is associated with significant impairments in negative reinforcement and model-based learning.
  • These cognitive deficits are distinct from working memory (WM) impairments.
  • Findings highlight specific cognitive alterations linked to overweight and obesity conditions.