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Rare but relevant: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
Daniel Stjepanović1, Julia Kirkman1, Wayne Hall1,2
1National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|October 15, 2024
Summary
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), a condition causing cyclical vomiting in chronic cannabis users, is often misdiagnosed. Hot water bathing may relieve symptoms, but effective treatments remain elusive.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Toxicology
- Cannabis Research
Background:
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) affects frequent, chronic cannabis users.
- Characterized by cyclical vomiting and gastrointestinal distress.
- Often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment and unnecessary investigations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the challenges in diagnosing and treating CHS.
- To underscore the need for increased awareness of CHS.
- To review current understanding of CHS aetiology and demographics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on case reports and chart reviews.
- Analysis of existing data on CHS presentation and management.
- Examination of trends in CHS cases related to cannabis regulation.
Main Results:
- Standard anti-emetics are often ineffective for CHS.
- Hot water bathing is a commonly reported symptom relief method.
- Limited data exists on CHS aetiology, demographics, and cannabis use patterns.
Conclusions:
- CHS requires wider recognition in emergency care and public health.
- A standardized treatment protocol for CHS is currently lacking.
- Increased cannabis accessibility may correlate with rising CHS cases.
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