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Updated: May 5, 2026

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
Published on: January 16, 2015
Reproductive safety of STING agonists MSA-2 and manganese-MSA-2
1Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, No. 16 Wenfeng Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226000, China.
Background:
MSA-2, as an oral molecule for activating STING signaling pathway to cure the tumor entering clinical trials. The toxicity of MSA-2 has aroused wide concern, especially the reproductive toxicity can not be ignored.
Objectives:
We synthesized the STING agonist (MSA-2) and its derivative manganese-MSA-2 (MSA-2-Mn) and investigated the reproductive toxicity.
Methods:
We evaluated the reproductive effects of MSA-2 and MSA-2-Mn in female mice under the administration alone and on the reproductive system of male mice in the presence or absence of combined radiation.
Results:
Results suggested that MSA-2 and MSA-2-Mn have negligible reproductive toxicity in healthy adults. Conclusions: This provides new ideas to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, as well as favorable evidence for future systemic dosing in patients of reproductive age and clinical trials of immunotherapy.
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