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Effect of Controlling the Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Cognitive Decline Prevention in the Elderly: A

Maryam Noroozian1, Alia Shakiba1, Fatemeh Mohammadian1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
|October 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Regular exercise and physical activity show promise in preventing cognitive decline in the elderly. However, evidence for managing diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol in preventing dementia remains inconclusive.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Global aging populations are experiencing a rise in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia.
  • Vascular risk factors are increasingly recognized as critical targets for preventing cognitive decline.
  • Managing cognitive decline in the elderly requires evaluating evidence on cardiovascular risk factor modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on how cardiovascular risk factors impact cognitive decline prevention in older adults.
  • To assess the quantity and quality of research on managing cardiovascular risk factors for cognitive health in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted analyzing data from 25 studies.
  • Studies examined the effects of controlling specific cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive impairment.
  • Risk factors included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, and physical activity levels.

Main Results:

  • Exercise and physical activity demonstrated the most significant positive impact on cognitive function preservation.
  • Modifications for diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol levels did not show a positive effect on cognitive function.
  • Research findings on hypertension control and its effect on cognitive decline were inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity is a promising strategy for preventing cognitive decline in the elderly.
  • Further large-scale, robust randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish definitive evidence for managing other cardiovascular risk factors in cognitive decline prevention.

Keywords:
CardiovascularCognitive declineElderlyPreventionRisk factors

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