An ultra-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor with PtSe₂ and BlueP/WS₂ heterostructure

This paper presents the design and simulation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor using a Platinum diselenide (PtSe₂) and Blue Phosphorus/tungsten disulfide (BlueP/WS₂) heterostructure for biosensing protocols. The simulation is done by using a finite element method (FEM) based COMSOL Multiphysics software. The performance of the SPR biosensor is then optimized for obtaining maximum sensitivity, quality factor, detection accuracy, and low limit of detection (LOD). The SPR biosensor demonstrates a maximum sensitivity of 234 deg/RIU, suggesting its ability to detect minute refractive index changes with remarkable precision. Furthermore, a quality factor of 390 RIU^-1 demonstrates the biosensor's capacity to detect tiny fluctuations in target analyte concentration. The achieved detection accuracy of 7.8 deg^-1 presents the biosensor's ability to detect target biomolecule solutions in the desired RI range. The remarkably low LOD of 4.26 × 10^-6 ensures early and accurate detection. The significance of this research lies in five layered hetero-structure based combinations of BK7 prism, gold, PtSe₂, BlueP/WS₂ and sensing medium respectively. The introduction of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) material of PtSe₂ with a hybrid 2D nanomaterials heterostructure of BlueP and TMDCs offers a rapid, sensitive, label-free and reliable platform for early detection. Additionally, the FEM method allows for the investigation of physical phenomena as part of the work. In summary, the proposed senor outcomes effectively demonstrate the speedy capability of detecting any pathogens or analytes in the RI range of 1.330-1.350 with remarkable sensitivity and accuracy. The rapid detection without giving false results is the benefit of the proposed sensor structure.