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DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Published on: February 9, 2024

Variable gain DNA nanostructure charge amplifiers for biosensing.

Jacob M Majikes¹, Seulki Cho¹, Thomas E Cleveland^2,3

¹Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. arvind.balijepalli@nist.gov.

|October 15, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered DNA nanostructures (DNA origami) provide a novel method for biosensing by amplifying electrochemical signals. This approach offers reversible, field-controlled amplification, minimizing non-specific binding for sensitive detection.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

DNA origami are engineered nanostructures with programmable shapes and motion.
These structures possess sufficient mass and charge for electrochemical signal generation.
Existing methods often struggle with signal amplification and non-specific binding in biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate electrostatic control over DNA origami conformation for signal amplification in biosensing.
To investigate the reversibility and field-accelerated transitions of DNA origami structures.
To develop a biosensing approach that is agnostic of the target analyte and minimizes non-specific binding.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of DNA origami nanostructures.
Electrochemical measurements to detect binding events.
Application of an external electric field to control DNA origami conformation and signal amplification.
Analysis of signal gain and reversibility compared to DNA hybridization.

Main Results:

Achieved electrostatic control over DNA origami conformation, leading to signal amplification.
Demonstrated reversible conformational changes under an applied electric field.
Observed signal amplification approximately 2 × 10^4 times greater than DNA hybridization.
Showcased signal amplification independent of specific DNA origami-analyte interactions.

Conclusions:

DNA origami offer a powerful platform for signal amplification in biosensing through controlled conformational changes.
The reversible and field-accelerated nature of these structures enhances sensitivity and reduces non-specific binding.
This technology is well-suited for multiplexed biosensing applications with parallel electronic readout.