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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Social support and (complex) posttraumatic stress symptom severity: does gender matter?

Natalia E Fares-Otero1,2, Tamsin H Sharp3, Stefanie R Balle4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
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Summary

Higher perceived social support is linked to lower trauma-related distress in both men and women. Interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) should consider enhancing social support for all genders.

Keywords:
PTSDTEPTTEPT complejoadultosadultsapoyo socialcomplex PTSDgendergénerosexsexosocial support

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cross-cultural research
  • Trauma studies

Background:

  • Perceived social support is a known factor influencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Gender's role in social support perception and trauma response requires further investigation.
  • Complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms and their relationship with social support are under-researched, especially in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in perceived social support, posttraumatic stress symptom severity (PTSS), and complex posttraumatic stress symptom severity (CPTSS).
  • To examine the association between social support and PTSS/CPTSS across genders.
  • To explore if gender moderates the relationship between social support and trauma-related distress.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-country sample of 2483 adults exposed to various trauma types.
  • Utilized the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the International Trauma Questionnaire.
  • Regression analyses assessed gender, social support, PTSS/CPTSS associations, and interaction effects, controlling for age and socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Females reported higher PTSS and CPTSS than males, with no significant gender differences in perceived social support.
  • Lower perceived social support correlated with higher PTSS/CPTSS in both genders.
  • A weak interaction effect suggested the association between social support and PTSS might be slightly stronger in males.

Conclusions:

  • Increased perceived social support is associated with reduced trauma-related distress in both men and women.
  • The relationship between social support and trauma symptoms is largely consistent across genders.
  • Augmenting perceived social support may be a beneficial strategy for PTSD and CPTSD interventions, irrespective of gender.