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All-Natural Gelatin-Based Nanoemulsion Loaded with TLR 7/8 Agonist for Efficient Modulation of Macrophage
Ritabrita Goswami1, Ahmed Nabawy1, Mingdi Jiang1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Abstract:
Macrophages are multifunctional immune cells essential for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) often adopt a tumor-promoting M2-like phenotype, aiding tumor progression and immune evasion. Reprogramming TAMs to a tumoricidal M1-like phenotype is an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy. Resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist, can repolarize macrophages from the M2- to M1-like phenotype but is limited by poor solubility. We developed a gelatin nanoemulsion for the loading and delivery of resiquimod, utilizing eugenol oil as the liquid phase and riboflavin-crosslinked gelatin as a scaffold. These nanoemulsions showed high stability, low toxicity, and effective macrophage repolarization, significantly enhancing pro-inflammatory markers and anticancer activity in co-culture models.
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