Bacteremia in Charleston County, South Carolina

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Bacteremia poses a significant public health challenge.
• Understanding its epidemiology is crucial for targeted interventions.
• Previous data on bacteremia incidence in diverse populations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence and characteristics of bacteremia in Charleston County, South Carolina.
• To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with bacteremia.
• To describe common causative organisms and outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of medical records for residents of Charleston County (1974-1976).
• Inclusion criteria: bacteria isolated from blood cultures.
• Analysis of incidence rates, causative organisms, patient demographics, and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Overall incidence of bacteremia was 80 cases per 100,000 population per year.
• Most common pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Highest incidence rates observed in neonates (1,864/100,000), infants (250/100,000), and elderly (≥70 years, 446/100,000).
• Incidence was 3.2 times higher in Black individuals compared to White individuals.
• Common sources included urinary tract infections (26%) and pneumonia (17%); 25% had no apparent focus.
• 39% of cases were nosocomial, and the mortality rate was 30%.

Conclusions:

• Bacteremia disproportionately affects the very young, the elderly, and Black populations.
• Nosocomial infections and specific demographic factors are significant contributors.
• Urinary tract infections and pneumonia are common sources of bacteremia.