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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

628
The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse....
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Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Spiers Memorial Lecture: NMR crystallography.

Lyndon Emsley1

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Determining atomic structures is key to understanding chemical function. Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is now a leading technique for characterizing complex materials in powder form.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Atomic-level three-dimensional structure determination is crucial for understanding chemical function and has revolutionized molecular and materials science.
  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become a pivotal technique for characterizing complex materials, especially in powder form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current methodologies in chemical shift-driven NMR crystallography.
  • To illustrate the application of these methods to complex materials.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on chemical shift-driven NMR crystallography.
  • Utilizing solid-state NMR spectroscopy for atomic-level characterization.
  • Application to complex materials.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of current methods for NMR crystallography.
  • Successful application to complex material characterization.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state NMR is an essential tool for atomic-level structural elucidation of complex materials.
  • NMR crystallography offers powerful insights into material properties and functions.