Fast protein chromatofocusing of human very-low-density lipoproteins

Using fast protein chromatofocusing, a high-efficiency column chromatography method with a self-generated pH gradient and focusing effects, soluble human very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoproteins were fractionated between pH 6.3 and 4.0. In the presence of 6 mol/l urea and with a flow rate of 1 ml/min, one run (up to 10 mg of protein) took 30 min. VLDL apolipoproteins were separated in seven peaks. As revealed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and double-immunodiffusion against mono-specific antisera, fractions corresponded to the following proteins: apolipoprotein C-I, albumin, apolipoproteins A-I, E, C-II plus C-III0, C-III1 and C-III2, respectively. Apolipoproteins were eluted in sharp, well-resolved peaks. The recovery of proteins was 78% of the starting material. With fast protein chromatofocusing, an efficient isolation of single apolipoproteins is possible from small amounts of VLDL apolipoprotein preparations. This technique is superior to the commonly used, time-consuming methods for apolipoprotein isolation.