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Related Concept Videos

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Water Competency and Sensory Processing Among Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Erika Kemp1, Melica Nikahd2, Mackenzie Ackerman3

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Children on the autism spectrum have limited water competency and safety skills. Prior aquatic exposure and sensory processing impact these skills, underscoring the need for targeted swim programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Occupational Therapy
  • Aquatic Safety Research
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury death globally.
  • Children on the autism spectrum (ASD) face a higher risk of drowning.
  • Limited water competency and reduced engagement in swimming are observed in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess baseline water competency in children with ASD.
  • To understand caregiver-identified goals for swim skill interventions.
  • To identify factors associated with water competency in children with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.
  • Participants: 37 children with ASD (ages 5-9).
  • Measures: Water Orientation Test-Alyn (WOTA), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Sensory Profile-2 (SP-2), aquatic exposure questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD exhibited limited water competency.
  • Caregivers prioritized water safety as a key goal.
  • Higher scores in conduct processing and low registration (SP-2) correlated with lower water competency.
  • Prior group swimming lessons were linked to better water competency.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ASD demonstrate a significant deficit in swim and water safety skills.
  • Sensory characteristics and previous water exposure influence water competency.
  • There is a critical need for tailored aquatic programs to improve swim and water safety skills for children with ASD.