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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

321
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
321
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

332
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
332

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Temporal-sampling theory and language in Down syndrome: An empirical study.

Pastora Martínez-Castilla1, Elena López-Riobóo2

  • 1Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|October 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Temporal-sampling theory explains language issues in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and other intellectual disabilities (ID). Auditory processing and lexical stress discrimination deficits are key factors, informing new language interventions.

Keywords:
Auditory thresholdsDown syndromeIntellectual disabilityLexical stressTemporal-sampling theory

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Temporal-sampling theory links speech processing deficits to language impairments in developmental language disorder and dyslexia.
  • This theory has not been extensively studied in other developmental disabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate temporal-sampling theory's applicability to language difficulties in individuals with Down syndrome (DS).
  • To investigate the role of auditory processing and lexical stress discrimination in DS-related language impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory thresholds for lexical stress markers, lexical stress discrimination, and receptive vocabulary were assessed.
  • Participants included teenagers and young adults with DS and a matched control group with other intellectual disabilities (ID).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with DS exhibited higher frequency and intensity thresholds for auditory markers.
  • DS group showed poorer lexical stress discrimination and receptive vocabulary compared to the ID group.
  • Intensity thresholds and group status predicted lexical stress discrimination; receptive vocabulary was predicted solely by lexical stress discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal-sampling theory provides a valuable framework for understanding language difficulties in DS and other ID populations.
  • Findings suggest potential for developing targeted language intervention programs for these groups.