Thoracic reirradiation of recurrent non-small cell lung carcinoma: A comprehensive review

Due to the recent advances in the systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the management of locoregional recurrences, especially after initial radiotherapy (with or without concurrent chemotherapy), is of increasing significance. The potential alternatives in this setting include: a salvage local strategy (based on surgery, radiotherapy or thermoablative treatment), promising approach, but sometimes difficult to implement in often frail patients, and whose modalities remain under-researched; or alternatively, the initiation of systemic treatment, where the prognosis aligns with that of de novo metastatic patients. This comprehensive literature review focused on salvage radiotherapy treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung carcinomas, after initial radiotherapy, with or without associated systemic treatment. It aims to present the main findings on this area, from patient selection and preparation, to key characteristics, including dosimetric aspects, and the main limitations and uncertainties associated with this therapeutic modality.