Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

5.9K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
5.9K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.0K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.0K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

VOCs Adsorption and Exchange Properties in Bispidine-Based Mn(II) 1D CPs Made of Orthogonally Oriented Linear Chains.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

A Modular Core-Shell Nanoparticle Platform for Dual-Modal MRI-Luminescence With High Relaxivity.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Trifluoroborate-appended cyclen complexes of paramagnetic transition metals (Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>) as fast-relaxing <sup>19</sup>F MRI probes.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025
Same author

Unraveling the Crystal Structures of Picolinic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis, Packing, Interactions, and Conformational Flexibility.

ChemistryOpen·2025
Same author

Investigations into the <i>N</i>-dealkylation reaction of protected chelating agents.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same author

Detection of Illicit Conservation Treatments in Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>): Application and Data Integration of NIR Spectrometers.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

1.7K

Relaxivity Modulation of Gd-HPDO3A-like Complexes by Introducing Polar and Protic Peripheral Groups.

Sara Camorali1, Loredana Leone1, Laura Piscopo1

  • 1Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new gadolinium (Gd(III)) complexes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). These novel CAs show significantly enhanced relaxivity, potentially allowing for lower doses in clinical applications.

Keywords:
Gd(III) complexesfunctional groupsmacrocyclic chelatorsrelaxometry

More Related Videos

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

18.6K
Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
11:57

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
07:24

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

1.7K
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

18.6K
Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
11:57

Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High-relaxivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are crucial for reducing injected doses while maintaining diagnostic information.
  • Current CAs face limitations in achieving optimal relaxivity and safety profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel Gd(III) complexes with enhanced relaxivity.
  • To investigate the impact of specific functional groups on CA relaxivity.
  • To explore potential for reduced CA dosage in clinical MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four new Gd(III) complexes based on a modified HP-DO3A macrocyclic structure.
  • Introduction of polar and protic functional groups (amides, phosphonates, diols) adjacent to the metal-coordinated hydroxyl group.
  • Detailed 1H NMR relaxometric analysis to evaluate relaxivity.

Main Results:

  • The newly synthesized Gd(III) complexes exhibited a 20-60% increase in relaxivity compared to clinically approved CAs.
  • Relaxivity enhancement was observed at standard conditions (0.5 T, 298 K, pH 7.4).
  • The study evaluated the contribution of water molecules H-bonded to peripheral functional groups to the observed relaxivity.

Conclusions:

  • The modified HP-DO3A based Gd(III) complexes demonstrate significantly improved relaxivity.
  • These findings suggest potential for developing safer and more effective MRI contrast agents.
  • The introduced functional groups play a key role in enhancing the relaxivity through second sphere effects and prototropic exchange.