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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pneumococcal Vaccines in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review
Nam Xuan Vo1, Huong Lai Pham1, Uyen My Bui1
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Insights
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are cost-effective for children. Switching from PCV13 to PCV20 offers greater health benefits and cost savings compared to PCV15.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of child mortality globally.
- Economic burden includes direct hospitalization costs and indirect productivity losses.
- Vaccination is the primary prevention strategy against pneumococcal disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) in pediatric populations.
- To compare the economic value of different PCV valencies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of economic evaluations from 2018-2024 in PubMed, Embase, and Medline.
- Analysis of Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICER) and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY).
- Quality assessment using the CHEERS 2022 checklist.
Main Results:
- PCV13 and PCV10 showed increased costs and QALYs versus no vaccination.
- PCV15 and PCV20 averted healthcare costs and improved QALYs more than PCV13.
- PCV20 demonstrated a dominant strategy over PCV15 in cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- PCV13 vaccination is highly cost-effective compared to no intervention.
- Transitioning to PCV20 provides superior QALY gains and cost savings over PCV15.
- PCV20 represents an optimal strategy for pediatric pneumococcal disease prevention.
Abstract:
Objectives: Pneumococcal disease, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide. The tremendous direct cost of hospital admissions and significant indirect costs from productivity loss contribute considerably to its economic burden, with vaccination being the only efficient protection against the illness. Our study aims to summarize the cost-effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implemented in the pediatric population. Methods: Employing the online databases PubMed, Embase, and Medline, we looked for economic evaluations from 2018 until March 2024. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICER) and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) were the primary outcomes for measuring the cost-effectiveness of PCVs. A 28-item CHEERS 2022 checklist was applied to assess the quality of the collected studies. Results: Of the 16 papers found, 9/16 discussed the lower-valent vaccines (PCV13, PCV10) and 7/16 examined the higher-valent vaccines (PCV20, PCV15). PCV13 and PCV10 involved greater costs and generated more QALY compared to no vaccination. Both PCV15 and PCV20 averted substantial healthcare costs and yielded greater quality of life than PCV13. Additionally, PCV20 was a dominant strategy compared to PCV15. Conclusions: Utilizing PCV13 is a very cost-effective option compared to not getting vaccinated. Transitioning from PCV13 to PCV20 would result in higher QALY gain and more cost-saving than switching to PCV15.
