Recycling Technologies for Biopolymers: Current Challenges and Future Directions

Plastic pollution is a major driver of climate change that is associated with biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and negative soil, plant, animal, and human health. One of the solutions that has been proposed and is currently reducing the adverse effects of plastic on the planet is the replacement of synthetic plastics with biopolymers. The biodegradable polymers have been adapted for most of the applications of synthetic plastic. However, their use and disposal present some sustainability challenges. Recycling emerges as an effective way of promoting the sustainability of biopolymer use. In this article, we review recycling as a viable solution to improve the sustainability of biopolymers, emphasizing the current types and technologies employed in biopolymer recycling and the challenges faced in their adoption. Our exploration of the future directions in the conversion of biopolymers into new polymers for reuse establishes a connection between established continuous technological innovation, integration into circular economy models, and the establishment and strengthening of collaborations among key stakeholders in relevant industries as necessary steps for the adoption, full utilization, and improvement of recycling technologies for biopolymers. By connecting these factors, this study lays a foundation for the establishment of a roadmap for improved biopolymer recycling technologies and processes that promote the sustainability of synthetic plastic alternatives.