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Betaine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion in OSCC Cell Lines.

Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita1,2,3, Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon1, Ajjima Chansaenroj1,4

  • 1Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Betaine, a natural compound, effectively inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) growth and invasion. This study shows betaine

Keywords:
betaineoral canceroral squamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Betaine (trimethylglycine) is a natural substance with reported effects on cancer cells.
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer with ongoing research for novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effects of betaine on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell survival, proliferation, and invasion.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying betaine's anti-cancer activity in OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays including MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry (cell cycle, apoptosis), and transwell migration/invasion assays were performed on OSCC cells.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess mRNA expression of key genes.
  • Proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

  • Betaine significantly suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion.
  • Betaine induced early apoptosis without altering cell cycle progression.
  • Downregulation of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and FN1 mRNA was observed, alongside differential expression of proteins related to ABC transporters and GPCRs.

Conclusions:

  • Betaine demonstrates potent anti-cancer properties against OSCC cells in vitro by inhibiting proliferation and invasion.
  • Betaine's molecular mechanisms involve modulating specific gene expression and protein pathways.
  • Betaine shows promise as a potential adjunct therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma, warranting further investigation.