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Transglutaminase 1: Emerging Functions beyond Skin.

Sahar Ebrahimi Samani1, Hideki Tatsukawa2, Kiyotaka Hitomi2

  • 1Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Transglutaminase 1 (TG1) is vital for skin barrier function by crosslinking keratinocyte proteins. Emerging research suggests TG1 also impacts other tissues and diseases like cancer and fibrosis.

Keywords:
epidermal transglutaminasekeratinocyte transglutaminasetransglutaminasetransglutaminase 1

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Transglutaminase enzymes (TG) catalyze posttranslational modifications.
  • Transglutaminase 1 (TG1) is essential for skin barrier formation by crosslinking keratinocyte proteins.
  • Novel roles for TG1 beyond the skin are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on TG1 structure, activation, expression, and activity.
  • To explore the putative novel functions of TG1 in normal tissue homeostasis.
  • To discuss the role of TG1 in various pathologies, including cancer and fibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on TG1.
  • Analysis of TG1 structure, activation mechanisms, and expression patterns.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding TG1's function in skin and other tissues.

Main Results:

  • TG1 is a Ca2+- and thiol-dependent enzyme crucial for keratinocyte protein crosslinking and insolubilization.
  • TG1's established role in skin barrier integrity is well-documented.
  • Evidence suggests TG1 involvement in vascular integrity, cancer, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • TG1 is a key enzyme in skin barrier formation.
  • TG1 exhibits diverse functions extending beyond the skin.
  • Further research into TG1's roles in homeostasis and disease is warranted.