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Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Role of Septins01:02

Role of Septins

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Septins are the recently discovered fourth major protein component of the cytoskeleton, along with microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These proteins can associate with other cytoskeletal filaments and carry out varied roles or can be free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Cellular Functions of Septins
Recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of septins in various cellular processes such as cytokinesis, ciliogenesis, and neurogenesis. Septins act as scaffolds and...
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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Regulation of Syntaxin3B-Mediated Membrane Fusion by T14, Munc18, and Complexin.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Visualizing Intracellular SNARE Trafficking by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
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Visualizing Intracellular SNARE Trafficking by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

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Syntaxin 3B: A SNARE Protein Required for Vision.

Himani Dey1, Mariajose Perez-Hurtado1, Ruth Heidelberger1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syntaxin 3B protein is crucial for vision. Mutations in syntaxin 3B cause severe early-onset retinal dystrophy, impacting neurotransmitter release and membrane fusion in the retina.

Keywords:
SNAREexocytosismembrane fusionretinaretinal degenerationretinal dystrophyribbon synapsestx3syntaxinsyntaxin 3B

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Syntaxins mediate vesicle-target membrane fusion.
  • Syntaxin 3A mutations cause microvillus inclusion disorder.
  • Syntaxin 3B is vital in retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent studies on syntaxin 3B.
  • Elucidate syntaxin 3B's role in the vertebrate retina.
  • Understand syntaxin 3B regulation in membrane fusion and neurotransmitter release.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of syntaxin 3B functionality.
  • Investigation of regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Syntaxin 3B mutations lead to severe early-onset retinal dystrophy.
  • Syntaxin 3B is essential for neurotransmitter release in retinal cells.
  • Regulation of syntaxin 3B impacts membrane fusion processes.

Conclusions:

  • Syntaxin 3B plays a critical role in retinal function.
  • Dysregulation of syntaxin 3B contributes to retinal diseases.
  • Further research on syntaxin 3B is needed for therapeutic strategies.