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Fabrication of 3D Cardiac Microtissue Arrays using Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Cardiac Fibroblasts, and Endothelial Cells
Published on: March 14, 2021
Three-Dimensional iPSC-Based In Vitro Cardiac Models for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Applications
Simona Bufi1, Rosaria Santoro1,2
1Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy.
Insights
Three dimensional (3D) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models offer a powerful platform for studying cardiovascular diseases. These patient-specific models advance personalized medicine and drug development for complex heart conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Stem Cell Biology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases represent a leading global cause of mortality.
- Advanced in vitro models are crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and developing new therapies.
- Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables patient-specific cell generation for personalized medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of three dimensional (3D) iPSC-based methods in modeling cardiomyopathies.
- To explore the use of these models in studying both genetic and non-genetic cardiomyopathies.
- To discuss the utility of iPSC models in cardiotoxicity assessments.
Main Methods:
- Review of published literature on 3D iPSC-based cardiac models.
- Focus on methods recapitulating the complexity of the cardiac environment.
- Inclusion of studies on genetically determined, non-genetically determined cardiomyopathies, and cardiotoxicity.
Main Results:
- 3D iPSC models effectively recapitulate aspects of various cardiomyopathies.
- Patient-specific iPSC lines maintain genetic background for personalized disease modeling.
- These models support the investigation of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Conclusions:
- 3D iPSC-based models are valuable tools for advancing cardiovascular research and personalized medicine.
- Further development is needed to overcome current methodological limitations.
- Future perspectives include enhanced model complexity and broader application in drug discovery and toxicology.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Advanced in vitro models can be the key stone for a better understanding of the mechanisms at the basis of the different pathologies, supporting the development of novel therapeutic protocols. In particular, the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows for the generation of a patient-specific pluripotent cell line that is able to differentiate in several organ-specific cell subsets while retaining the patient genetic background, thus putting the basis for personalized in vitro modeling toward personalized medicine. The design of iPSC-based models able to recapitulate the complexity of the cardiac environment is a critical goal. Here, we review some of the published efforts to exploit three dimensional (3D) iPSC-based methods to recapitulate the relevant cardiomyopathies, including genetically and non-genetically determined cardiomyopathies and cardiotoxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the actual method limitations and the future perspectives in the field.
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