Plasma-Functionalized Liquids for Decontamination of Viable Tissues: A Comparative Approach

Plasma-functionalized liquids (PFLs) are rich in chemical species, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Therefore, manifold applications are being investigated for their use in medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Depending on the goal, a suitable plasma source concept for the generation of PFLs has to be determined because the plasma generation setup determines the composition of reactive species. This study investigates three PFL-generating plasma sources-two spark discharges and a flow dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system-for their efficacy in eliminating microbial contaminants from tissue samples aiming to replace antibiotics in the rinsing process. The final goal is to use these tissues as a cell source for cell-based meat production in bioreactors and thereby completely avoid antibiotics. Initially, a physicochemical characterization was conducted to better understand the decontamination capabilities of PFLs and their potential impact on tissue viability. The results indicate that the flow DBD system demonstrated the highest antimicrobial efficacy due to its elevated reactive species output and the possibility of direct treatment of tissues while tissue integrity remained. Achieving a balance between effective large-scale decontamination and the biocompatibility of PFLs remains a critical challenge.