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An Electrically Small Patch Antenna Sensor for Salt Concentration Measurement of NaCl Solution
Jinfeng Zhu1, Cheng Chen1, Xiao Sun2
1Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2024
Summary
This study introduces a novel microwave sensor using a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based patch antenna to detect NaCl solution concentration. The sensor offers a cost-effective and efficient method for measuring salinity levels.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Chemical Sensing
Background:
- Microwave sensors offer non-invasive and rapid analysis capabilities.
- Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSRRs) exhibit unique electromagnetic properties suitable for sensing applications.
- Accurate measurement of solution concentration is crucial in various industrial and environmental monitoring processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and validate a CSRR-based patch antenna as a microwave sensor for measuring NaCl solution concentration.
- To evaluate the sensor's performance across a range of salt concentrations.
- To highlight the sensor's practical advantages, including cost-effectiveness and ease of fabrication.
Main Methods:
- Design of a patch antenna integrated with CSRRs on an RF-4 substrate.
- Utilizing a coaxial feeding port for microwave signal transmission.
- Immersing the top copper disc radiator into NaCl solutions of varying concentrations for measurement.
- Analyzing the frequency shift response of the sensor to determine salt concentration.
Main Results:
- The proposed microwave sensor successfully measured NaCl concentrations from 5 to 35 parts per thousand (ppt).
- A maximum sensitivity of 0.367 kHz/(mg/L) was achieved.
- The sensor demonstrated a linear response within the tested concentration range.
Conclusions:
- The CSRR-based patch antenna is a viable and sensitive microwave sensor for NaCl concentration measurement.
- The sensor's design is low-cost, low-profile, electrically small, lightweight, and easy to fabricate.
- The developed sensor technology holds potential for application in sensing the concentration of other solutions.
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