An Ontology-Based Vehicle Behavior Prediction Method Incorporating Vehicle Light Signal Detection

Although deep learning techniques have potential in vehicle behavior prediction, it is difficult to integrate traffic rules and environmental information. Moreover, its black-box nature leads to an opaque and difficult-to-interpret prediction process, limiting its acceptance in practical applications. In contrast, ontology reasoning, which can utilize human domain knowledge and mimic human reasoning, can provide reliable explanations for the speculative results. To address the limitations of the above deep learning methods in the field of vehicle behavior prediction, this paper proposes a front vehicle behavior prediction method that combines deep learning techniques with ontology reasoning. Specifically, YOLOv5s is first selected as the base model for recognizing the brake light status of vehicles. In order to further enhance the performance of the model in complex scenes and small target recognition, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is introduced. In addition, so as to balance the feature information of different scales more efficiently, a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network (BIFPN) is introduced to replace the original PANet structure in YOLOv5s. Next, using a four-lane intersection as an application scenario, multiple factors affecting vehicle behavior are analyzed. Based on these factors, an ontology model for predicting front vehicle behavior is constructed. Finally, for the purpose of validating the effectiveness of the proposed method, we make our own brake light detection dataset. The accuracy and mAP@0.5 of the improved model on the self-made dataset are 3.9% and 2.5% higher than that of the original model, respectively. Afterwards, representative validation scenarios were selected for inference experiments. The ontology model created in this paper accurately reasoned out the behavior that the target vehicle would slow down until stopping and turning left. The reasonableness and practicality of the front vehicle behavior prediction method constructed in this paper are verified.