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Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Epistasis

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Lethal Alleles

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

Epistasis Analysis

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

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Published on: January 11, 2017

Quantifying Genetic Parameters for Blackleg Resistance in Rapeseed: A Comparative Study.

Jan Bocianowski¹, Ewa Starosta², Tomasz Jamruszka²

¹Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 16, 2024

Summary

Plant breeding uses genetic parameters for trait selection. This study found phenotypic and genetic similarities in rapeseed lines differed, with significant additive and epistasis effects regardless of estimation method.

Keywords:

DArTseq Leptosphaeria spp.SNP additive effect blackleg resistance epistasis molecular markers next-generation sequencing three-way epistasis

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics and breeding
Agricultural biotechnology
Crop science

Background:

Selection is crucial for developing crop varieties with desired traits.
Advances in genetics and biotechnology enhance selection precision and efficiency.
Genetic parameters like additivity and epistasis influence breeding material suitability.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess genetic parameters for resistance to *Leptosphaeria* spp. in rapeseed.
To compare phenotypic and genetic similarity in doubled haploid (DH) lines.
To evaluate additive and epistasis effects using different estimation methods.

Main Methods:

Field assessment of 188 rapeseed DH lines for *Leptosphaeria* resistance.
Next-generation sequencing to obtain 133,764 molecular markers (SilicoDArT and SNP).
Calculation of phenotypic and genetic similarity, and genetic parameters (additive, epistasis) via two methods.

Main Results:

Phenotypic similarity significantly differed from genetic similarity among DH lines.
All evaluated genetic parameters (additive, additive-additive, additive-additive-additive) were statistically significant.
Epistasis parameters (double and triple) showed opposite signs depending on the estimation method.

Conclusions:

Genetic and phenotypic similarities must be considered separately in plant breeding.
Additive and epistasis gene actions are significant in *Leptosphaeria* resistance in rapeseed.
The choice of estimation method impacts the interpretation of epistasis parameters.