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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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Roles of Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation in Root Development.

Christos Tersenidis1, Stylianos Poulios1, George Komis1

  • 1Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Histone acetylation regulates key aspects of plant root development, including stem cell maintenance and cell growth. This review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies research gaps for a deeper understanding of histone acetylation in root systems.

Keywords:
cell divisioncell elongationepidermis cell fateepigenetic modificationsgene expressionhistone acetylationhistone deacetylationmitosisquiescent center maintenanceroot development

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Roots anchor plants, absorb water/nutrients, and interact with the rhizosphere.
  • Histone post-translational modifications, like acetylation, regulate gene expression for plant development and stress responses.
  • Histone acetylation's role in plant stress responses is well-documented, but its specific impact on root development requires focused review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on histone acetylation's role in plant root development.
  • To highlight the impact of histone acetylation and deacetylation on various root development processes.
  • To identify research gaps and suggest future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on histone acetylation and root development.
  • Focus on *Arabidopsis thaliana* as a model organism.
  • Synthesis of findings on histone acetylation's influence on stem cell niche, cell division, expansion, differentiation, and zone determination.

Main Results:

  • Histone acetylation and deacetylation are crucial for maintaining root stem cell niches.
  • These modifications regulate cell division, expansion, and differentiation during root growth.
  • Histone acetylation influences the determination of different root developmental zones.

Conclusions:

  • Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic mechanism controlling diverse facets of plant root development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles and mechanisms of histone acetylation in root systems.
  • Understanding these processes can lead to improved crop development and stress resilience.