Multiomics-Based Outcome Prediction in Personalized Ultra-Fractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiotherapy (PULSAR)

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to develop a multiomics approach that integrates radiomics, dosiomics, and delta features to predict treatment responses in brain metastasis (BM) patients undergoing PULSAR. Methods: A retrospective study encompassing 39 BM patients with 69 lesions treated with PULSAR was undertaken. Radiomics, dosiomics, and delta features were extracted from both pre-treatment and intra-treatment MRI scans alongside dose distributions. Six individual models, alongside an ensemble feature selection (EFS) model, were evaluated. The classification task focused on distinguishing between two lesion groups based on whether they exhibited a volume reduction of more than 20% at follow-up. Performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1 score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), were assessed. Results: The EFS model integrated the features from pre-treatment radiomics, pre-treatment dosiomics, intra-treatment radiomics, and delta radiomics. It outperformed six individual models, achieving an AUC of 0.979, accuracy of 0.917, and F1 score of 0.821. Among the top nine features of the EFS model, six features came from post-wavelet transformation and three from original images. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the feasibility of employing a data-driven multiomics approach to predict treatment outcomes in BM patients receiving PULSAR treatment. Integrating multiomics with intra-treatment decision support in PULSAR shows promise for optimizing patient management and reducing the risks of under- or over-treatment.