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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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A Numerical Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Jointed Soft Rocks under Triaxial Loading Using a Bonded Particle

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Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Numerical triaxial tests reveal soft rock strength is maximized at joint dip angles around 23-24°. Confining pressure and dip angle influence deformation, failure modes, and crack propagation in jointed rock samples.

Keywords:
bonded particle modeljointed soft rockmesoscopic propertytriaxial loading

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Rock Mechanics
  • Material Science

Background:

  • Understanding the mechanical behavior of jointed soft rock is crucial for infrastructure stability.
  • Previous research often simplifies rock joint complexities, necessitating detailed analysis under realistic loading conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the strength, deformation, and failure mechanisms of soft rock with penetrating joints under triaxial loading.
  • To analyze the influence of joint dip angles and confining pressures on macro-micro failure characteristics.
  • To compare numerical simulation results with laboratory test data for validation.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a series of numerical triaxial tests on soft rock samples with penetrating joints.
  • Analyzed strength, deformation, failure modes, crack propagation, and force chain distribution.
  • Varied joint dip angles and confining pressures to assess their impact on rock behavior.

Main Results:

  • Residual strength ratio peaks at joint dip angles of 23-24°, influenced by confining pressure.
  • Samples exhibit compaction followed by dilation; lower confining pressure and dip angles enhance dilation.
  • Failure modes range from X-type shear to hybrid slippage/shearing, depending on joint angle; crack numbers decrease with increasing dip angles.

Conclusions:

  • Joint dip angle and confining pressure significantly control the strength, deformation, and failure mechanisms of jointed soft rock.
  • Numerical simulations provide valuable insights into crack propagation and force chain evolution, aligning with experimental observations.
  • The study offers critical data for predicting the stability and performance of geological formations containing jointed soft rock.