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Is severe carbohydrate restriction necessary for appetite suppression? The ASKED randomized controlled trial
Jessica A Roekenes1, Marthe I Aukan1, Ola Jakob Bomo1
1Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|October 16, 2024
Summary
This study compared low-carbohydrate (CHO) versus higher-carbohydrate low-energy diets (LEDs) in adults with obesity. While weight loss and ketosis varied, hunger levels remained similar across all diets.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Obesity Research
- Metabolic Studies
Background:
- Low-energy diets (LEDs) are used for weight loss in obesity.
- The impact of varying carbohydrate (CHO) content within LEDs on ketosis and appetite is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effects of three isocaloric LEDs with differing CHO amounts (low, medium, high) on ketosis and hunger in adults with obesity.
- To assess changes in body weight, composition, and appetite-related hormones.
Main Methods:
- 101 adults with obesity were randomized to 8-week isocaloric 1000-kcal/day LEDs (low, medium, high CHO: 70, 100, 130g/day).
- Measurements included body weight, composition, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) for ketosis, and hunger ratings.
- A 4-week refeeding period followed the intervention.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in weight loss and βHB concentrations were observed between the low CHO group and both medium and high CHO groups at week 8.
- No significant differences in hunger ratings were found among the three CHO groups.
- Weight loss and ketosis varied by CHO content, but subjective hunger was not significantly affected.
Conclusions:
- While varying carbohydrate intake in 1000-kcal/day LEDs influences weight loss and ketosis, it does not appear to significantly alter hunger levels in adults with obesity.
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings, particularly with higher CHO intakes within LEDs.
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