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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Critical thinking and misinformation vulnerability: experimental evidence from Colombia.

John A List1, Lina M Ramirez1, Julia Seither2

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

PNAS Nexus
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study found that learning about personal biases did not increase skepticism towards news. However, a de-biasing video enhanced critical thinking and careful evaluation of misinformation.

Keywords:
critical thinkingfake newsmisinformation

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Political Science

Background:

  • Misinformation poses a significant threat to societal structures and economies.
  • Existing interventions like media literacy and resilience training are gaining traction.
  • Empirical evidence on de-biasing strategies and their effect on misinformation vulnerability remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of de-biasing interventions on critical thinking and misinformation vulnerability.
  • To explore the demand for misinformation by examining cognitive biases in an online experiment.
  • To assess the effectiveness of self-awareness of biases versus educational videos in fostering skepticism.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an online framed field experiment during the 2022 Colombian Presidential election.
  • Recruited approximately 2,000 participants.
  • Assessed the impact of providing information about personal biases (via personality test) and showing a de-biasing video on critical thinking and skepticism towards news.

Main Results:

  • Providing individuals with information about their own biases did not significantly impact their skepticism towards news.
  • Showing participants a de-biasing video demonstrated a positive effect on enhancing critical thinking.
  • The de-biasing video encouraged participants to more carefully evaluate the truthfulness of potential misinformation.

Conclusions:

  • Self-awareness of cognitive biases alone is insufficient to increase skepticism towards misinformation.
  • Educational interventions, such as de-biasing videos, can effectively enhance critical thinking skills.
  • Targeted interventions are crucial for mitigating the societal impact of misinformation and improving public discourse.