Role of ENPP1 in cancer pathogenesis: Mechanisms and clinical implications (Review)
Lujie Zhao1, Yu Zhang1, Yahui Tian1
1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261021, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Cancer is a significant societal, public health and economic challenge in the 21st century, and is the primary cause of death from disease globally. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) serves a crucial role in several biochemical processes, including adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis, purine metabolism and regulation of signaling pathways. Specifically, ENPP1, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein and key member of the ENPP family, may be upregulated in tumor cells and implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers. The present review provides an overview of the structural, pathological and physiological roles of ENPP1 and discusses the potential mechanisms of ENPP1 in the development of cancers such as breast, colon, gallbladder, liver and lung cancers, and also summarizes the four major signaling pathways in tumors. Furthermore, the present review demonstrates that ENPP1 serves a crucial role in cell migration, proliferation and invasion, and that corresponding inhibitors have been developed and associated with clinical characterization.
Insights
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is upregulated in many cancers and drives tumor growth. Inhibitors targeting ENPP1 show promise for cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cancer is a leading global cause of death, posing significant health and economic challenges.
- Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) enzymes are involved in critical cellular processes, including purine metabolism and signaling.
- ENPP1, a specific member of the ENPP family, is frequently upregulated in various tumor types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural, pathological, and physiological roles of ENPP1.
- To explore the mechanisms by which ENPP1 contributes to the development of breast, colon, gallbladder, liver, and lung cancers.
- To summarize key signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression and the role of ENPP1 within them.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ENPP1's function in cancer.
- Analysis of ENPP1's involvement in cell migration, proliferation, and invasion.
- Summary of developed ENPP1 inhibitors and their clinical characterization.
Main Results:
- ENPP1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers.
- ENPP1 plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell migration, proliferation, and invasion.
- Inhibitors targeting ENPP1 have been developed and are undergoing clinical evaluation.
Conclusions:
- ENPP1 is a significant factor in cancer development and progression.
- Targeting ENPP1 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for various cancers.
- Further research and clinical characterization of ENPP1 inhibitors are warranted.
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