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Variables Associated With In-Hospital Lethality in COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study From Colombia
Alvaro J Lora Mantilla1, Catalina Cáceres Ramírez1, Andrea K Riaño Duarte1
1Research, Development, and Technological Innovation Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, COL.
Cureus
|October 16, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 patients over 45, especially males, with low oxygen saturation, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease faced higher in-hospital mortality. These factors are key indicators for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 emerged as a significant global health crisis.
- Understanding factors influencing COVID-19 mortality is crucial for patient management.
- Previous studies have explored characteristics linked to increased mortality and lethality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.
- To analyze risk factors for mortality in a Colombian healthcare institution.
- To inform clinical strategies for high-risk COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted at a single center in Colombia.
- Included patients tested positive for COVID-19 via PCR between March 2020 and September 2021.
- Data from 3,028 admitted patients were analyzed.
Main Results:
- In-hospital mortality rate was 32.8% (994 deaths).
- Deceased patients were older (average 70.3 years) than survivors (average 52.2 years).
- Key mortality predictors included male sex, age ≥ 45, dyspnea, oxygen saturation < 85%, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and Charlson Comorbidity Index > 1.
Conclusions:
- Male sex, age over 45, and dyspnea are significant risk factors for COVID-19 in-hospital mortality.
- Low oxygen saturation (<85%), hypertension, and chronic kidney disease are critical indicators of mortality risk.
- A Charlson Comorbidity Index score greater than 1 further increases the risk of death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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