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Long-Term Alpine Plant Responses to Global Change Drivers Depend on Functional Traits.

Jonathan J Henn1,2, Kurt E Anderson2, Laurel M Brigham3

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Ecology Letters
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Global change impacts alpine plants differently based on their traits. Resource-acquisitive species thrive, but specific traits predict success under nitrogen, snow, or warming, influencing community dynamics.

Keywords:
alpine plantsecosystem functionfunctional traitsglobal changenitrogen additionsnow additionwarming

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Global Change Biology
  • Plant Functional Traits

Background:

  • Forecasting plant responses to global change is crucial but complex.
  • Species responses to global change can appear unique, yet patterns may emerge by examining functional traits and community-level impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize data from six long-term global change experiments.
  • To assess if leaf and stature traits predict species and community responses to nitrogen addition, snow addition, and warming.
  • To investigate how trait effects vary across different scales and responses.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified changes in abundance and establishment probability for 70 alpine plant species over time.
  • Measured local functional traits, focusing on leaf and stature characteristics.
  • Analyzed trait-based predictions of species and community responses under experimental global change factors.

Main Results:

  • Plants with resource-acquisitive traits generally increased in abundance.
  • Nitrogen addition favored species with lower leaf nitrogen; snow addition favored species with cheaper leaves; warming showed inconsistent trends.
  • Community-level trait changes often differed from species-specific effects, influenced by dominant species.

Conclusions:

  • Functional traits influence plant responses to global change, but the specific traits involved vary with the environmental driver.
  • Trait effects can differ depending on the scale of analysis (species vs. community) and the response variable (abundance vs. establishment).
  • Understanding trait-environment relationships is key to predicting alpine plant community dynamics under future global change scenarios.