Reducing learning and psychosocial disparities in Latino children with cancer: a randomized intervention trial

We developed a high-intensity parenting intervention program (HIP) to help parents support the academic success of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), who often face post-treatment challenges affecting their school-related functioning. This randomized controlled trial (NCT03178617) evaluated HIP's efficacy compared with lower-intensity, single-session, treatment-as-usual services (lower-intensity program [LIP]) in Latino families. Primary outcomes were parenting efficacy and CCSs' school functioning; secondary outcomes included parenting knowledge and measures of CCSs' academic performance, attention, and functioning outside of school.

In total, 106 Latino survivors of childhood leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (aged 6-12 years) and their parents were randomly assigned to HIP (n = 54) or LIP (n = 52). Linear mixed-effects models evaluated group differences across baseline, 6-month (T2), and 12-month (T3) assessments.

Parenting efficacy and knowledge improved significantly in the HIP arm, resulting in higher scores vs LIP at T2 and T3 (P ≤ .01). No significant between-group differences were found in child school functioning; however, HIP children showed significantly better social functioning and performance on 1 measure of attention (CPT-3 commissions) at T3 (P < .05). Although HIP adherence challenges were observed, with only 33 (61%) completing the intervention, exploratory analyses suggest that benefits were most evident among those who were fully engaged. Satisfaction and perceived benefit were greater for HIP vs LIP at both time points (P < .05).

Our results suggest the potential value of parent-directed behavioral interventions such as HIP for CCSs and their families. Further studies are needed to address participation barriers and enhance engagement to maximize and sustain benefits.