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Cellular Encapsulation in 3D Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

Cellular Encapsulation in 3D Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

Published on: October 26, 2009

Engineering Cyborg Pathogens through Intracellular Hydrogelation.

Shahid Khan¹, Pin-Ru Lin¹, Cheemeng Tan¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology

|October 16, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered cyborg pathogens from common bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. These metabolically active, non-replicating cyborg pathogens show potential for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and immunotherapy.

Keywords:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus cyborg pathogen intracellular hydrogelation macrophages synthetic biology

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Area of Science:

Synthetic biology
Biomedical engineering
Microbiology

Background:

Synthetic biology utilizes living or nonliving cell chassis; recent advances created cyborg bacteria via intracellular hydrogelation.
Previous cyborg cell engineering focused on non-pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Extending this to pathogenic bacteria offers novel biomedical applications by leveraging their inherent properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To generalize the cyborg cell approach to pathogenic bacteria, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
To investigate the effects of hydrogel concentration on cyborg pathogen metabolism, replication, and intracellular gelation.
To evaluate the interaction of cyborg pathogens with macrophages, comparing uptake and cellular response to wild-type pathogens.

Main Methods:

Engineered cyborg pathogens using intracellular hydrogelation in target bacterial strains.
Assessed impacts of varying hydrogel concentrations on pathogen metabolism and replication.
Utilized confocal microscopy and real-time PCR to compare macrophage uptake of cyborg versus wild-type pathogens.
Analyzed macrophage phenotypic responses post-uptake of cyborg pathogens.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized cyborg pathogens from P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae.
Determined optimal hydrogel concentrations for effective intracellular gelation without compromising essential cellular functions.
Demonstrated comparable macrophage uptake rates for cyborg and wild-type pathogens.
Observed similar macrophage phenotypic responses to both cyborg and wild-type pathogens.

Conclusions:

The intracellular hydrogelation method is now applicable to bacterial pathogens beyond E. coli.
Engineered cyborg pathogens maintain key interactions with host immune cells like macrophages.
These novel cyborg pathogens present a versatile platform for advanced biomedical applications, including drug delivery and immunotherapy.