Host adaptability of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Noctuidae

Biological control is an effective and sustainable method of integrated pest management. Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a common internal parasitoid wasp of the order Lepidoptera. To determine a suitable host species for the reproduction of parasitoids, it is essential to assess host suitability and parasitic potential of the parasitized pests. Herein, we investigated host selection and exploitation of M. manilae. We evaluated the parasitic efficacy of M. manilae in 4 pest species in the Spodoptera and Mythimna genera of the Noctuidae family. The results indicated that the parasitism rate of M. manilae on 3 species in the Spodoptera genus is higher than on Mythimna separata in the Mythimna genus, with M. manilae exhibiting a higher parasitism rate and shorter development duration on Spodoptera litura compared to other species. The parasitism rate for 1st instars hosts was 86.67 ± 0.04%, while the development duration was 14.1 ± 0.03 days. However, when parasitizing the 3rd instar of Spodoptera frugiperda, parasitoids showed a higher sex ratio, of 0.71 ± 0.05. Additionally, M. manilae had parasitic effect on M. separata, providing a new choice for its parasitism. The results identify the optimal host, which could enhance and reproduction rate and survival rate of M. manilae, thus facilitating their large-scale propagation. Understanding the parasitic effects of M. manilae on pests can further its field application, also plays a major role in promoting the development of biological control technologies and sustainable agricultural production.