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Intestinal microbiota composition in broilers fed protein-free or casein-based diets.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A protein-free (PF) diet negatively impacts broiler chicken gut microbiota, reducing beneficial Lactobacillus spp. and increasing harmful Enterobacteriaceae. Casein (CAS) diets showed less adverse effects than PF diets.

Keywords:
broilerhigh throughput sequencingintestinal microbiota compositionprotein-free dietqPCR

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota composition is crucial for broiler chicken health and performance.
  • Dietary protein sources significantly influence the gut microbial environment.
  • Understanding the impact of protein-free (PF) and casein (CAS) diets is essential for optimizing broiler nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a protein-free (PF) diet versus a casein (CAS)-based diet on the intestinal microbiota of Cobb500 broiler chickens.
  • To compare these effects against a standard Maize-soy diet.
  • To assess the implications for gut health and potential pro-inflammatory states.

Main Methods:

  • Cobb500 broiler chickens were fed either a protein-free (PF) diet, a casein (CAS)-based diet, or a commercial Maize-soy diet.
  • Ileal amino acid (AA) flow was measured.
  • Intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed using discriminant analysis, ANOSIM, RT-qPCR, and sequencing of ileal and caecal contents and ileal tissue.

Main Results:

  • Ileal AA flow was significantly higher in birds fed protein-containing diets (CAS or Maize-soy) compared to the PF diet.
  • Microbiota composition differed significantly between PF/CAS diets and the Maize-soy diet, with PF and CAS showing some similarities.
  • The PF diet led to a drastic reduction in Lactobacillus spp. and an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and other potentially pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a pro-inflammatory state. CAS diets showed less severe effects.

Conclusions:

  • A protein-free diet significantly alters broiler intestinal microbiota, promoting a pro-inflammatory environment.
  • Casein-based diets mitigate some of the adverse effects observed with protein-free diets.
  • Highly digestible protein-containing diets are preferable for determining endogenous amino acid excretion compared to protein-free diets.