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Epigenetic clocks and programmatic aging.

David Gems1, Roop Singh Virk1, João Pedro de Magalhães2

  • 1Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methylation clocks reveal aging as a developmental process, linked to genes controlling development. This new field, developmental gerontology, explores aging

Keywords:
AgingDevelopmentEpigeneticsHyperfunctionMethylation clocksProgrammatic theory

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gerontology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Methylation clocks are key indicators of biological age across species.
  • The underlying biological mechanisms of aging and these clocks remain largely unknown.
  • Clues suggest a link between aging, methylation clocks, and developmental processes, particularly Hox and polycomb genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for understanding methylation clocks within programmatic aging theories.
  • To explore the evolution of methylation clocks and their role in aging and disease.
  • To introduce developmental gerontology (devo-gero) as a new interdisciplinary field.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent advances in programmatic aging theories.
  • Integration of concepts from evolutionary biology, biogerontology, and developmental biology.
  • Formulation of new hypotheses based on methylation clock properties and devo-gero principles.

Main Results:

  • Methylation clocks can be understood as integral to a developmental aging process.
  • Polycomb genes may regulate a trade-off between early developmental fidelity and later plasticity.
  • An evolutionarily conserved developmental sequence influences aging evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental gerontology offers a novel perspective on aging.
  • Methylation clocks provide insights into the developmental basis of aging and late-life diseases.
  • Understanding this conserved developmental sequence is crucial for aging research.